Summary: Three hundred eighty-seven home-dwelling older women were divided into quartiles based on mean serum 25- hydroxyvitamin D (S-25(OH)D) levels. The rates of falls and fallers were about 40% lower in the highest S-25(OH)D quartile compared to the lowest despite no differences in physical functioning, suggesting that S-25(OH)D levels may modulate indi- vidual fall risk.